Leaf and Bark Type:
The bark is reddish brown and fibrous. The leaves have two types: sharp, spreading needle-like juvenile leaves and tightly adpressed scale-like adult leaves. They are arranged in opposite pairs or occasionaly in whorls of three.
Where does it grow and in what conditions: It is found in Eastern North America. In many areas the trees are known as invasive, even if they are native. They are infamous for being a host for cedar-apple rust disease, and are often strategically planted away from apple orchards. They outcompete many species in grasslands due to their low branches blocking sunlight. The needles that fall raise the pH of the soil, making it alkaline, therefore making it hard for other plants to grow. They benefit from a high CO2 level.
Pollinators: The tree is mainly bird pollinated.
Fruit: The tree produces berry-like cones that are blue in color and contain three to four seeds. The berries are mature 6-8 monthes after pollination.
Uses The heartwood is durable and used for fence posts. Native Americans used the wood for bows and used them as wood poles to mark the areas that were strictly hunting grounds once settlers came in. During the dust bowl, people were encouraged to plant these in tight rows as a wind breaker in West Texas, as they are drought and cold tolerant. Some of these species in Missouri and Arkansas are used for Christmas trees.
